@Article{MarengoNTOOOCAB:2008:DrAm20,
               author = "Marengo, Jos{\'e} Antonio and Nobre, Carlos Afonso and Tomasella, 
                         Javier and Oyama, Marcos D. and Oliveira, Gilvan Sampaio de and 
                         Oliveira, Rafael de and Camargo, Helio and Alves, Lincoln Muniz 
                         and Brown, I. Foster.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)} and 
                         {Instituto de Aeron{\'a}utica e Espa{\c{c}}o} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Woods Hole Oceanographic 
                         Institution}",
                title = "The drought of Amazonia in 2005",
              journal = "Journal of Climate",
                 year = "2008",
               volume = "21",
               number = "3",
                pages = "495--516",
                month = "Feb.",
             keywords = "Amazonia, climate change, global change, carbon, deforestation, 
                         emission, neotropics, biodiversity.",
             abstract = "In 2005, large sections of southwestern Amazonia experienced one 
                         of the most intense droughts of the last hundred years. The 
                         drought severely affected human population along the main channel 
                         of the Amazon River and its western and southwestern tributaries, 
                         the Solim{\~o}es (also known as Amazon River in the other Amazon 
                         countries) and the Madeira Rivers, respectively. The river levels 
                         fell to historic low levels and navigation along these rivers had 
                         to be suspended. The drought did not affect central or eastern 
                         Amazonia, a pattern different from the El Niņo-related droughts in 
                         1926, 1983 and 1998. The choice of rainfall data used influenced 
                         the detection of the drought. While most data sets (station or 
                         gridded data) showed negative departures from mean rainfall, one 
                         data set exhibited above the normal rainfall in western Amazonia. 
                         The causes of the drought were not related to El Niņo but to (a) 
                         the anomalously warm tropical North Atlantic, (b) the reduced 
                         intensity in northeast trade wind moisture transport into southern 
                         Amazonia during the peak summertime season, and (c) the weakened 
                         upward motion over this section of Amazonia, resulting in reduced 
                         convective development and rainfall. The drought conditions were 
                         intensified during the dry season into September 2005 when 
                         humidity was lower than normal and air temperatures 3-5 oC warmer 
                         than normal. Due to the extended dry season in the region, forest 
                         fires affected part of southwestern Amazonia. Rains returned in 
                         October 2005 and generated flooding after February 2006.",
                  doi = "10.1175/2007JCLI1600.1",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1600.1",
                 issn = "0894-8755",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "28791523.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "17 maio 2024"
}